As i already mentioned above, most bases have one thing in common.
The most bases are built of Light armor blocks(but i`ve already seen my brother building one out of random blocks like thrusters).
I hope you like it and i also would like to read some comments. Also please rate, regardless if positive or not.
Ok, then let's start

If you're just new to this game, and think:"What crap have i bought here?" then this guide is totally for you.
I would suppose you to go into creative mode and in a new world.
Then open the block menu(normally its "g") and you should see at the right bottom somewhere "Create a new Station" or something like that.
Leftclick it and you'll see a "ghostblock".Leftclick again at a place where you want and a block will appear(if you rightclick it will disappear).
Now you should have got a single block of light armor floating in space(No, it won't float away)
If youre in creative you can press and hold ctrl+shift and then look at the block and place light/heavy armor, with ctrl+shift you can make a huge platform in some clicks.

Congratz, you have made your first very own basic station :D.
But don't think that you have finished now.

So, now you've got a platform and want to make it fully working.
At first, open you block menu("g") again. Select production blocks and bring the refinery and the assembler per drag and drop or rightclick into your toolbar.
Now press g again.
Select the corresponding number of the assembler/refinery and place it per leftclick somewhere.
Do this again with the other one.
Now if you press g again, select power blocks and bring a reactor/solarpanel into your toolbar.
Place down the reactor/some solar panels(WARNING: They don't work while in shadow, also they don't produce much energy and are pretty big). In creative, the reactor doesn't need uranium, unlike in survival.

You can also place some interior lights(you can also use the searchbar at the top right of the g menu window), spotlights, antennas, beacons and other things.

CONGRATZ AGAIN, NOW YOU'VE BUILT YOUR VERY OWN FIRST BASE!!!

So, you are playing for quite a while now you may think that there must be more.
You're completely right.
Add shapes, coloured lights, flashing lights, gravity generators, make one with multiple floors, hangars, medbays, bedrooms, a messhall,a defensive turret and much much more.
(shortest section ever)

Light&heavy armor blocks: Give the skeletal structure of your base and ships.
Reactor(big&small): They give energy, in survival they use uranium.
Solarpanel: Give energy but need sunlight.They have four buttons at the bottom. If they're red, it doesn't has enough sunlight to produce energy, if they're all green, then it has the most sunlight i can get.

Assembler: Used to build things out of ingots, also can transform things into their respective ingots.
Refinery: Produces Ingots based on the ore in its input.

Beacon: Allows you to rename your ship/base and let you see your base in a huge distant, produces some light.
Antenna: A bit like the beacon, doesn't allow you to rename your ship. You can make drones with the antenna, but they have to be in your antenna range, can also make a network to see all the ores in every position you are.

Gravity Generator: The name says it all^^.
Spotlights: Can be used to see better, is very bright, casts shadows .
Interior light: Soft and small lights, doesn't cast shadows.

Gatling Turret: Fires automatically at coming meteorites, fast ships parts/items and enemy players
Rocket turret: Same like the gatling turret, just with rocket missiles and much much slower
Interior turret, entirely the same like the gatling turret, just a bit smaller and i think a bit weaker.

I think this was pretty all now about the basics.

1. Search for a place you want to build your station
2.Press G and click New Station
3. Place the "Ghostblock"
4. If youre in creative you can now press ctrl and shift for the next step
5. Place Light/heavy/Interior Armor.
6.Place a reactor/some solarpanels
7.Place an assembler and a refinery.
________________________________________________________________________________
Additional:
8. Place lights
9.Place gravity generators
10. Build everything you want to build.