This is a year late, but for anybody still thinking about this, I discovered you can open the menu again by typing into the console "event realspace.206"

My only concern is whether changes in this reopened menu actually have effects on the game, since the events may be based on conditions set after the initialization of the game map that cannot be changed afterward.

Anybody have any insight?

Edit: After doing some testing myself it seems like at least the solar storm options can be switched off this way. I decided to try that after I found myself sending three construction ships at once to a particular system in the hope that just one of them wouldn't blow the ♥♥♥♥ up on the way there.